Elon Musk’s SpaceX has announced plans to launch one million satellites to power orbital data centres in space. These orbital data centres aim to provide computing capacity for billions of people worldwide. SpaceX says this approach is more energy-efficient than traditional ground-based data centres. Typically, data centres on Earth require large warehouses full of powerful computers. They consume enormous amounts of electricity and water for cooling. SpaceX argues that AI demand is growing faster than terrestrial systems can handle. By moving data centres to orbit, the company hopes to meet global computing needs more sustainably.
The proposed network could include up to one million solar-powered satellites. They would orbit between 500 and 2,000 kilometers above Earth. Musk insists the satellites will be far apart, making them difficult to see from one another. He also claims the system is a step toward a civilization capable of harnessing the Sun’s full power, referencing the Kardashev scale. SpaceX already operates the Starlink satellite network, which includes nearly 10,000 satellites. Critics have said the existing satellites congest low-Earth orbit, though Musk denies this. The new orbital data centres would greatly increase the number of satellites in space, sparking debate about space traffic and safety.
Experts warn that launching satellites into orbit is expensive. Protecting, powering, and cooling them in space can also be complex. Furthermore, the growing number of objects in low orbit increases collision risks. Any crash could damage equipment or send debris falling to Earth. Astronomers have also expressed concern that satellite radio waves can interfere with observations. Musk continues to reject claims that his satellites are crowding out competitors or harming research. He emphasizes that space is vast and satellites will remain far apart.
If approved, SpaceX’s orbital data centres could offer a greener, more scalable solution for AI computing. The project highlights the growing need for energy-efficient computing infrastructure. The ambitious plan may transform how humans process data and interact with AI in the years ahead. By moving data centres into orbit, SpaceX hopes to combine innovation, sustainability, and global reach. The company stresses that these satellites will serve billions while minimizing environmental impact compared to traditional centres.
